Foreword : Air compressor is the basic product of industrial modernization. It is often said that “electricity†in “electrical automation†has the meaning of pneumatic, while air compressor is the source of pneumatic power and the core equipment of pneumatic system. In the life cycle of an air compressor, its initial purchase cost only accounts for 1/20~1/15 of the operating electricity cost. Whether it saves energy directly leads to the user's cost reduction and efficiency increase. Moreover, China is a big energy-consuming country, the energy supply is very tight, and the task of energy conservation and emission reduction is very arduous. Promoting the application of new energy-saving technologies or energy-saving products is also in line with the national policy. This paper analyzes and compares the structure and working principle of each type of air compressor, as well as tracking and detecting the energy consumption in industrial applications, and the actual energy saving ratio is made to let the facts speak for your leaders and peers.
First, the classification of air compressors.
   Air compressors are the basic products of the machinery industry and are widely used in various industries. An air compressor is a core device that converts the rotational mechanical energy output from a driver (motor or diesel) into gas pressure, and powers a pneumatic system (or a pneumatic purge point). Air compressor (hereinafter referred to as air compressor) classification, according to the structure and working principle, can be divided into piston air compressor (referred to as piston machine), screw air compressor (referred to as screw machine), sliding air compressor (referred to as slide machine), centrifugal air compressor (referred to as centrifuge), scroll air compressor (referred to as scroll machine) five categories; according to the working pressure level, can be divided into low pressure (supply pressure ≤ 1.3MPa) Medium pressure (supply pressure is 1.3~4.0MPa) and high pressure (supply pressure is 4.0~40MPa and above); in the form of compressed gas, it can be divided into two types: volumetric type and speed type; Whether it is mixed with lubricating oil, it can be divided into two kinds of air compressors: oil-lubricated and oil-free lubrication; it is divided into fixed and mobile air compressor according to whether it needs to be moved during use, and mobile type is classified into diesel mobile machine according to the type of power supply. And electric mobile machines.
1. Introduction to the piston machine.
The motor of the piston machine drives the crankshaft to generate a rotary motion, and the crankshaft drives the connecting rod to cause the piston to reciprocate, causing the cylinder volume to change. Due to the change in the pressure inside the cylinder, air enters the cylinder through the air cleaner (muffler) and the intake valve, and during the compression stroke, compressed air is generated as the cylinder volume is reduced.
There are many main operating parts, including crankshaft (1 piece), crank (2 pieces), connecting rod (2 pieces), piston (2 pieces), suction and Exhaust Valve (valve piece, spring), bearing (2 pieces), etc. .
The gas production from a single unit is generally 0.15~100m3/min, and the power of the main motor is from 2.2kw to 550kw.
There are many running parts of the piston machine, and the suction and exhaust valve pieces and springs are easily worn and fatigue damaged, resulting in reduced compression efficiency, increased energy consumption, and large maintenance workload. However, its price is low, and there are a large number of domestic manufacturers that can produce independently, which are low-end and high-consumption products, and the market is gradually being phased out.
2. Introduction to the screw machine.
The screw machine is divided into a single screw and a double screw. The working principle is a rotating intermeshing screw, which sucks oil and air together from the inlet end. As the screw rotates and conveys, the meshing volume is gradually reduced. The other end compresses the oil and gas mixture. After the oil and gas mixture is separated by oil and gas, the available compressed air is excluded.
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