“Digital Mine†was the first mine information system described by Canadian scholars in 1995 using “digitalmineâ€, which uses integrated mining information and process control systems to mitigate information delays, strengthen decision-making, and improve production operations. Effective response to changes in conditions such as grade, mining conditions and market. In the western developed countries, “digital mines†as a clear technical concept has not been widely recognized, and is also rarely used in various research and literature, mainly due to the high labor costs of mining industry in developed countries, in technical equipment, etc. In terms of large investment, it can be gradually developed in combination with the introduction of new technologies, and the transition from manual mining, mechanized mining, automated mining and even unmanned mining has been completed smoothly, without the phenomenon of leaping development. In China, Professor Wu Lixin of Central South University first proposed the concept of “digital mine†in the “First International Digital Earth Conference†held in Beijing in 1999, and the research on digital mine technology in China. This started [1]. After 10 years of development, the concept of “digital mine†has developed into “using computers and their networks as a means to digitally store, transfer, express and deepen all space and useful attribute data of mines, and apply them to various production links and management. And in the decision-making, to achieve the application technology of mine production plan optimization, management refinement and scientific decision-making"[2]. During this period, the resources of petroleum, coal and nonferrous large state-owned mining enterprises / Management reserves the three-dimensional digital technology, mining machinery and electrical equipment integrated management and control technology, production monitoring and control technologies and other individual digital mine technology has been widely used [3-7 ].
In 2015, China has successively issued the national strategy of “Made in China 2025†and actively promoted the “Internet+†action guidance, and adopted the new generation of information technology such as cloud technology, big data, Internet of Things, and intelligent manufacturing as the current technology and industry development. At the core, “Digital Mine†is further defined as “based on information digitization, management and control integration, production process virtualization, decision-making and processing integration, and today's mining science, information science, artificial intelligence, computer technology, 3S technology ( The remote sensing technology RemoteSensing, the geographic information system GeographyInformationSyetems and the Global Positioning System GlobalPositioningSystems collectively develop a highly integrated product." In the past five years, oil, coal and large-scale state-owned mining enterprises have further increased their investment in the application and promotion of digital mining technology, and have achieved very obvious benefits. In the next five years, digital mining technology will be integrated and integrated from single development and application. A higher level of advancement.
1 Digital uranium mine technology application and research and development status Before and after 2012, the uranium mining and metallurgy industry has successively carried out safe monitoring of hard rock uranium mine monitoring, monitoring, personnel positioning, pressure self-rescue, water supply rescue, emergency hedging, communication and other safe havens. The construction of the six systems, and a certain degree of integration of monitoring and monitoring, personnel positioning and underground communication and communication systems, means the beginning of the application of digital technology in uranium mines, that is, the basic application of safety production management of single mine digital technology, "six The construction of large system has improved the production capacity and level of uranium mine safety production, but it is not difficult to find the application and research and development of digital uranium mine at this time. It has not yet formed from top-level planning, systematic design and development, engineering implementation to operation and maintenance. Management of complete digital uranium mine construction ideas and systems. According to the digital factory design and delivery (such as China's Hualong No. 1 digital nuclear power plant collaborative design platform), and the German "Industry 4.0" technology implementation process represented by SiemensPLMSoftware (FactoryCAD, FactoryFLOW, PlantSimulation), digital design is The basis of intelligent manufacturing. The construction of “digital uranium mine†must first be supported by the corresponding R&D platform, from digital design of uranium mines, design verification of digital instrument control system, to digital delivery and digital production and production. The digital uranium mine research and development platform is the digital uranium mine design and verification platform; however, the current uranium mining and metallurgy design still stays in the traditional blueprint design stage, and has not yet completed the transformation of the life cycle information model design pattern. In terms of digital instrument control system, although it has the ability to develop proprietary monitoring instruments for uranium mining and metallurgy, it does not have the integrated development capability of uranium mining and metallurgy digital instrument control system, the lack of design capability and the lack of design and verification platform for digital instrument control system. Fundamentally restricting the construction of digital uranium mines.
Starting from 2014, taking the opportunity of the “Longtan†demonstration project of the “Nongteng 2020†science and technology innovation plan of CNNC, taking the Fuzhou uranium mine as the research object, the research on the digital technology of uranium mine was carried out. The main research contents include research and development. The digitalization plan for the production and management of rock uranium mines, the development of technology and system integration solutions for digitalization, information collection and main process control and monitoring, and the development of a software platform for digital application systems for hard rock uranium mines. The progress of current research is described below.
2 Analysis of the digital basis of uranium mines
The Fuzhou uranium mine is an “old and large†state-owned uranium mine. Historically, it has complete production facilities such as mine geological exploration, open pit mining, underground mining, radioactive pre-selection plant, water smelting plant, and machine repair plant. Selecting and smelting large-scale joint enterprises, the research on the digital technology of uranium mines is both complex and typical. The current status of the digitalization of the mine is as follows, which can be said to represent the characteristics of the entire hard rock uranium mine.
(1) Mining geological, measurement, geophysical and mining techniques are lagging behind. The geodetic data management is still based on the traditional “drawing + table†model, lacking the visualization and dynamic means of resource/reserve and mining plan management.
(2) The production process has low degree of automatic control and low production efficiency. The underground mining of uranium mine is still in the initial stage of labor-intensive mechanized production. The electronic control of ground hoist and air compressor is controlled by PLC only. The control system contains a large number of production-related timeliness data (such as lifting amount and lifting category). Mine speed, air pressure, air pressure, etc., mine ventilators and pumps are also energy-intensive, but its management operations are still extensive, such as full-time ventilation and water level start and stop, therefore, if you can achieve information digitization, management and control integration Chemicalization will have significant economic benefits for mining cost control. After the technical transformation during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the uranium mine hydrometallurgical production realized automatic PLC control of the main processes such as crushing, leaching, adsorption and sedimentation, but due to automatic measuring instruments (such as nuclear scale, belt scale, flowmeter) , uranium liquid concentration meter, etc.) After the damage, do not pay attention to replacement, the automatic control of the production process can not really play a role.
(3) The safety production management system has a complicated interface and low integration. There are many video systems in the mine, but the system is complicated, and the camera and controller, controller and video server are not uniform. The “six systems†software and hardware platforms basically do not provide interfaces for external information systems. Even different subsystems of the same manufacturer are difficult to interconnect or integrate applications, reflecting the lack of unified planning for the construction of the “six major systems†of uranium mines and the “six†of mines. Large system" equipment manufacturers technical standards are not uniform, self-contained systems and other issues.
(4) There is a bottleneck in the transmission of production scheduling information, and production management experience is difficult to solidify. Due to the lack of maintenance and damage, the on-site instrument often loses the real-time data of the total adjustment/distribution system. Some key process data needs to be sampled and analyzed by the laboratory and then manually reported. There is a large delay aging, and the production data of the PLC control system is not. It has automatic acquisition to the computer system for comprehensive analysis, so that the scheduling and management experience accumulated in the production practice cannot be solidified into the instructions of the automatic control system. Therefore, the production management level is slowly improved.
(5) The level of enterprise management informationization is low, the application is mainly file sharing service, the information flow rate is slow, and the uploading is delayed.
3 Current digital solutions for uranium mines Digital mining technology is divided into four levels: information digitization, management and control integration, production process virtualization, and decision processing integration. Among them: production process virtualization is in the entire production process. In the use of computer technology and Internet technology to break the traditional space concept, to achieve flat production organization and management, resource / reserve dynamic management, raw material purchase, product sales, information and services, such as rapid response to the market's production model; decision-making Integrated (ITDSS) is developed on the basis of decision support systems (DSS) that deal with structured issues, maximizing the use of shared data and resources, and using artificial intelligence technologies (such as neural networks, genetic algorithms, etc.) to support enterprise managers in half. A system for analyzing and deciding structural and unstructured problems. Therefore, through the analysis of the current status of uranium mines, the digitization of uranium mines should start with the integration of basic information digitization and management control, and break through the hardware and software technologies of uranium mining and metallurgy electromechanical equipment or systems and computer software platforms. Database and relational database are the core uranium mine integrated data storage and digital application system. In the future, data mining and intensive computing will gradually realize the top-level application of production process virtualization and decision processing integration.
3.1 Initial establishment of digital uranium mine research and development platform
In order to study the key technologies for uranium mine production management information digitization and management control integration, it is necessary to set up a uranium mine digital instrument control system design verification platform in the laboratory environment. The platform is also the internal development and testing of digital uranium mine application system software. surroundings. According to the operation process of the actual control system of the main production process steps of drainage and drainage, electromechanical equipment, environmental monitoring, crushing, grinding, leaching, extraction, adsorption, etc. of Fuzhou uranium mine and water smelting plant, two units of mine and water smelting Modularly build a production simulation control system for each process to simulate on-site production operations and command and dispatch, and import mine and water production data into a unified network database, so that hard rock uranium digital application software can be used. Designed, developed and validated with the management and control of automated hardware systems, mining production and hydrometallurgical production, and trained for end users of digital uranium mine application systems.
Design and verification platform for digital instrument control system of uranium mine, software adopts WINCC, STEP7, Kingview, hardware adopts Siemens based small automation control system S7-1200, S7-300 platform, distributed I/O module ET200, streamlined series man-machine interface Underground electromechanical equipment and environmental monitoring (including equipment monitoring, ventilation monitoring and personnel positioning) simulation device and water and metallurgy production automatic control system simulation operation device, support Modbus interface, heterogeneous PLC and mobile terminal, including computer server, router, workstation, etc. The system topology is shown in Figure 1. It forms a “digital prototype†of hard rock uranium mine integrating information integration and comprehensive automation of uranium mines and hydrometallurgical plants.
3.2 Construction of Digital Application System Platform for Hard Rock Uranium Mine
Hard rock uranium mine digital application system platform, hardware system consisting of PCS system automatic control station, on-site production technology management system man-machine site (such as geophysical mining, ore metering, quality inspection analysis, scheduling, material supply, etc.), and The digital uranium mine application system software based on the network database and B/S structure is composed of two parts. The platform construction scheme is as follows.
3.2.1 Hardware Architecture The TCP/IP network protocol is used to integrate three levels of hardware systems, such as job automation, basic informationization, and digital control, into industrial Ethernet: Shuiye PCS system, uphole downhole video surveillance system, Personnel positioning system, environmental monitoring system and other self-contained TCP/IP network protocols can be directly connected. For ore metering, pressure, lifting, drainage and other systems, it is necessary to add Modbus collector, RS-485 interface, PLC controller and other interfaces. The equipment realizes the access to the main electromechanical equipment of the uranium mine. For the man-machine site of the on-site production technology management system, the B/S software is used for access. The server deployment solution adopts the structure of on-site first-level control and distributed two-level storage management services. Each application is equipped with a corresponding data release and backup server to meet the requirements of mutual interference and storage security between applications. The hardware architecture scheme is as shown in the figure. 2 is shown.
3. 2.2 Software Architecture Solution
The digital uranium mine application system software is a key link for the full realization of digital uranium mine technology. The function is to collect, store and manage all kinds of information data of uranium mine operation automation and basic digitization, and integrate process monitoring, scheduling instructions and plan management. Integrate with the methods of assessment, statistical analysis, and information release to realize the management of production technology management, and provide information data for higher-level applications of uranium mine digital integrated management such as enterprise resource management (ERP), production process virtualization, and decision-making processing integration. The overall solution of the service and software architecture is shown in Figure 3.
The software system adopts a 4-layer structure: the data layer is responsible for establishing and managing the electromechanical equipment information model from the measuring point, instrument, equipment, production line to the working section, and adopts middleware technology such as OPC, DDE/NetDDE, Web-Server, database sharing, and electronic report. Communicate with the self-control site and man-machine site, collect and store information data; the functional layer is responsible for processing and statistical calculation of the information data, monitoring the process parameters, and responsible for the management of workflows such as planning, execution, and assessment; The layer adopts B/S mode to provide visual and integrated integration and decentralized management methods based on mineral resources, PCS configuration, video monitoring, 3D model and analysis chart for production technical management personnel of all levels and departments; service layer is the future digital integrated management of uranium mines. The system provides database level application interface services.
4 Prospects for the development and application of digital uranium mine technology
With the rapid development of the new generation of information technology, the technical connotation of digital mines is constantly updated and improved, and the application and research and development of uranium mine digital technology has just started. In the past few years, the design verification capability of uranium mine digital instrument control system has been initially formed. The research proposes a system solution to realize the integration of management and control, but there is still a big gap from the construction of digital uranium mines. In the future, it is necessary to increase investment and strengthen research to achieve greater breakthroughs.
(1) Design and research and development of top-level planning, systemization and standardization of digital uranium mines. The construction of digital uranium mine involves core business capabilities such as intelligent design, agile procurement, systematic debugging, and collaborative sharing. It is necessary to harmonize the information exchange of uranium geological exploration, design, instrument control system installation and commissioning, production operation and maintenance. For example, in industries with a high degree of digitization, the power industry (including nuclear power) has promulgated the "Code for the Identification of Power Plant Identification Systems" (GB/T50549-2010), and the petrochemical industry has promulgated the "Design Specification for Petrochemical Plant Information Systems" (GB/ T50609—2010), in order to implement the “National Manufacturing 2025†national strategy, the “Manufacturing Industry Engineering Design Information Model Application Standards (Draft for Comment)†has been formulated. In the future, the uranium mining and metallurgy industry also needs to study and formulate “Uranium Mining and Metallurgy Engineeringâ€. "Information System Design Specification" enables uranium exploration units, owners, suppliers, participating units and operating units to share engineering information, ensure the identifiability and sharing of information in the development, operation and maintenance of uranium mines, and promote digital uranium Mine construction.
(2) Strengthen the R&D capacity building of digital uranium mines with design as the leader. Through the implementation of the “Longcan†demonstration engineering research project, the design verification capability of the uranium mine digital instrument control system has been initially formed. There are also some shortcomings. If there is no design and verification device for the immersion mine instrument control system, the main short board is uranium. Mine design has not yet achieved a shift to digital design. The digital design can provide digital mine delivery, which will effectively support the procurement, construction, commissioning and other aspects of the uranium mine construction process and the digital configuration management of the operation and maintenance system to meet the requirements of design data utilization, thus supporting the formation of digital uranium mines. There is an urgent need to make up for the shortcomings in the digital design of uranium mines.
(3) Strengthen the research and development of uranium mine geophysical exploration equipment and online instrumentation for uranium water and metallurgy. The main problem of uranium mineral exploration equipment is that the data interface and post-processing software are relatively weak. The labor intensity of geodetic survey personnel is still very large. In the future, it is necessary to develop integrated 3D laser scanning or digital photographic imaging, gamma radiation measurement technology in one uranium mine digital measurement. system. The improvement of online instrumentation for uranium hydrometallurgy is mainly to improve maturity, durability and reliability.
(4) Carry out demonstration projects for digital uranium mines. The digital uranium mine management and control integrated system solution is still only the laboratory results. In the future, it needs to pass the inspection, improvement and improvement of production practice, and then proceed to the higher level of production process virtualization and decision-making integration. The current development trend of science and technology is that with the rapid growth of data volume, computers will not only be able to do simulations, but also analyze and summarize theories. Turing Award winner JimGray classifies this research method as the fourth paradigm. "Data-intensive science", after the convergence of uranium mine production practice data, through data mining and intensive calculations, will contribute to the improvement of uranium mining technology and management level.
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Article source: "Uranium Mine Management" 2017.6
Author: Wu Dong, the fourth nuclear research Engineering Company Limited, Shijiazhuang 050021
Bao Feng, China Nuclear Fourth Research and Design Engineering Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Cheng Wenjuan, China Nuclear Fourth Research and Design Engineering Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Gu Hongchao, China Nuclear Fourth Research and Design Engineering Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050021, China
Chen Bo, China Nuclear Fuzhou Jinan Uranium Industry Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Jiangxi 344301, China
Zhang Dongdong, China Nuclear Fuzhou Jinan Uranium Industry Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Jiangxi 344301, China
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