0 Introduction Turning workpieces on a lathe is to change the shape and size of the blank by rotating the workpiece on the chuck and the relative linear motion of the tool, and processing them into various parts with different shapes and specifications according to the pattern requirements. . According to this feature in lathe processing principles, when turning any batch or single part, it is possible to improve the geometry by simply adding auxiliary equipment to the workpiece in the chuck and changing the geometry of the original tool material. The original processing performance, improve work efficiency.
1. Positioning bolts Figure 1 Small four-jaw gripper
1. Chuck 2. Workbench 3. Workpiece 4. Top view 2 Workpiece surface positioning
1. Chuck 2. Nut 3. Taper sleeve 4. Top 5. Washer 6. Cone mandrel Figure 3 Workpiece hole positioning
1. Fixture 2. Fixed sleeve 3. Cone Figure 4 Improved cutter bar body
Figure 5 using multi-knife cutting
1 Adding auxiliary equipment to improve the working efficiency of lathe Turning machining to increase the surface area of ​​the workpiece Auxiliary equipment In our factory's actual production, we often encounter a non-standard workpiece with a small end that is a round end of machining and repairing a batch of round bodies. The tip of this non-standard workpiece has a glyph or a circular, square, etc. shape. In this case, the workpiece can only be clamped on a four-jaw, single-acting chuck, and the chuck must first be adjusted to correct the center of the workpiece. , And then turning, this gives the operator a lot of labor intensity when turning the workpiece, turning the workpiece takes time and effort. Adopt the small four-finger gripping device that can play the role of positioning (see Fig.1, the positioning bolts act as the axial positioning to prevent the axial movement of the workpiece) and cooperate with the processing of non-standard parts. Take the machining of the square head bolt as an example. As shown in Fig. 2, first, the tire is clamped on the three-jaw self-centering chuck, and the workpiece (the square head bolt blank) is clamped with the small four claws of the gripper, and then the top between the tire and the tire tread is tightened. Forced workpiece turning. After a piece of work is completed, only the top two screws on the chuck can be loosened, and then the top of the tailstock can be loosened to replace the workpiece and continue machining. This method reduces the labor intensity in the clamping process for the operator, shortens the auxiliary time, and increases the work efficiency. Turning machining to increase the workpiece hole positioning auxiliary equipment When processing workpieces with conical holes, in order to ensure the concentricity of the conical hole and the outer circle and the higher precision of the circle runout, the use of clamping on the chuck can only be processed first When the round rear cone hole meets the high-accuracy cone-hole workpiece and the outer circle is finally turned, the clamping and processing on the chuck will make it difficult to achieve the requirements of the coaxiality and the circle runout, and it is easier to pinch or tail the small end of the tapered hole. The top of the top of the tower is bad, and it is not easy to find work. The conical mandrel positioning method can be used to position the conical mandrel with the same conical taper of the workpiece. As shown in Figure 3, the cylindrical surface of the left end of the cone mandrel is clamped on the chuck, and the sleeve (workpiece) is sleeved on the mandrel, and at the same time, the end surface between the adjustment nut and the sleeve has a corresponding position gap, in the washer and the top. Under the axial top tight force, the taper surface of the taper sleeve and the conical mandrel closely match. Due to the self-centering and self-locking force of the taper, it can process high-precision workpieces, as long as the top surface is loosened after processing, the washer is taken, and the nut is rotated to the right to tighten the force, and the ejector cone After the sleeve, it is replaced and replaced with a workpiece. This method can also process precision concentricity workpieces in which the inner hole and the outer circle are tapered. 2 Improving the shank-shaped body on the original tool material and using multi-knife cutting to improve aging In the actual production, some large threads with small pitch are encountered. When picking tool processing, because the screw radial force is larger, not easy to process, and the use of pull the hand to manually set the buckle, both effortless and not time-saving, you can use a set of tools shown in Figure 4 to improve the aging. Firstly, combine the fixture, fixing sleeve, and cone into one (see Figure 4), and then install 1 M12 screw at A so that the fixture can move around 60 mm in the fixing sleeve, and install a match at the front end of the fixture. Machining the size of the teeth, the assembled cone sleeve is placed in the tailstock, the operation of the tailstock can complete a part of the picking process. In addition, two holes are symmetrically opened at the front end B of the fixture (see Fig. 4). One is the inlet hole and the other is the swarf hole. In this way, the piecing can be cooled and chipped in time, and the cutter can be automatically centered. The use of the above-mentioned cutter to process the pick buckle can reduce the labor intensity of the worker and can ensure the processing accuracy of the thread. I plant to produce coal mine accessories as the leading industry, often encountered in the production of some batch products, such as the manufacturing process of coal axles, coal car axle buckle M42 × 2 or M48 × 2, as shown in Figure 5. Two knives can be installed on one side of the knife holder, and an alloy knife head hole picking knife can be installed at the knife table a as the thread cutting clearance groove, and the dead tip can be cut off 1/3 to prevent picking and knives. Contact with the top. The operator can use a knife to excavate the undercut, and use the b knife to directly select and form the fastener. With this method, no need to rotate the tool holder, the vertical and horizontal scales of the lathe remain unchanged, and the accuracy of the thread can be ensured, and the efficiency is better than the rotation. The method of knife setting per knife is doubled. 3 Conclusion In the relevant practical work, rational use of the above-mentioned various processing methods, so that operators get rid of many traditional tedious labor, reduce labor intensity, significantly improve work efficiency and product quality, while shortening the work cycle, which is On the new starting point for energy conservation and consumption reduction, some new work ideas have been added. In the future work, there are also some new processes and methods that are easy to use for reference.
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