1 question raised
Construction machinery has experienced a life cycle from planning, design, manufacturing, sales to acquisition, installation, commissioning, use, maintenance to renewal, scrapping, and remanufacturing. Safety management runs through the entire life cycle. In the first stage of the life cycle, that is, the planning, design, manufacturing, and sales stages, it is the stage of manufacturing machinery manufacturing machinery. The safety management at this stage is called mechanical safety certification. It is a kind of product quality certification. Compliance with the physical level of construction machinery and related standards; the stage after the life cycle of the construction machinery, that is, the stage of purchase, installation, commissioning, use, maintenance, renewal, scrapping, and remanufacturing, is the stage in which the construction enterprise uses machinery. The first-stage safety management, called job safety management, refers to the safety management of the job site referred to in this article. Its scope includes the operators, work machines and operating environment.
Obviously, mechanical safety certification and mechanical operation safety management are different stages of safety management of engineering machinery life cycle, they are both different and related. Without safe machinery, the goal of operational safety management is impossible to achieve, and information feedback on operational safety management can help improve and improve the safety design of machinery.
In the process of safety management teaching and publicity of the "Safe Production Law" in recent years, the author deeply feels that engineering construction enterprises implement safety management, based on the "Safe Production Law", and its management mode should be "Occupational Safety and Health Management". The embodiment of the system (OSHMS). To this end, the concept of construction machinery operation safety management system is proposed.
The Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS), together with the Quality Management System (ISO9000) and the Environmental Management System (ISO14000), has become a globally respected process management method in the post-industrial era. The management model adopted by these three management systems is the PDCA management cycle proposed by Dr. Deming, a US management expert. PDCA is the first letter of the Plan Do Check Action. P - plan, D - implementation, C - check, A - improvement, as shown in Figure 1.
The construction machinery safety management system is not aimed at the intrinsic safety of engineering machinery products, but for the job site. Modern construction and mechanized operations have become inevitable, and ensuring the safety of the operation process is the goal of the safety management system for construction machinery. It is a dynamic, self-adjusting and well-established management that emphasizes the safety management of operations through the establishment of organizational, planning, activities, responsibilities, systems, procedures and resources related to the system during the operation process. The realization of the system goals.
The safety management of the whole life cycle of construction machinery started late in China. In November 1997, it was approved by the former State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. The China Machinery Safety Certification Center (CCMS) was established in accordance with internationally accepted standards, and the first batch of construction machinery safety was announced. Certification and testing laboratories, including the National Engineering Machinery Quality Inspection Center (Beijing Yanqing) and Changsha Construction Machinery Research Institute.
In 1998, the China Society for Labor Protection Science and Technology proposed the "Guidelines for the Regulation and Use of Occupational Safety Production Management Systems." In 1999, China began research on occupational safety and health management system. In October 1999, the State Economic and Trade Commission promulgated the "Trial Standards for Occupational Safety and Health Management System" and issued a notice to start pilot work in China. In July 2000, the State Economic and Trade Commission officially established the National Occupational Safety and Health Management System Certification Steering Committee, the National Occupational Safety and Health Management System Certification Body Accreditation Committee and the National Occupational Safety and Health Management System Auditor Registration Committee, and formulated the Occupational Safety and Health Management System Regulations. A series of technical basic documents such as guidelines, procedures, registration, etc., make the certification of China's occupational safety and health management system more standardized and easy to integrate with the international.
2 Characteristics of construction machinery operation safety management system
The operational safety management system of construction machinery should be composed of five aspects and 15 basic elements with reference to the occupational safety and health management system. The operation mode is shown in Figure 2. The basic idea of ​​this mode of operation is to achieve continuous improvement of the system, and to continuously correct, improve and strengthen the activities of “planning, implementing, inspecting and improving†through repeated activities to prevent and control industrial accidents and achieve the objectives of the operational safety management system. .
The safety management of construction machinery is the specificization and specialization of the occupational safety and health management system in the engineering construction industry. It has the following characteristics for specific construction machinery operation sites:
(1) Emphasis on structured, procedural, and documented management tools
(a) It requires the construction company not only to have an operational system from the operator, the maintenance worker to the project manager or even the general manager, but also to have a monitoring system. The construction company ensures the effective operation of the operation safety management system through these two systems.
(b) Require construction enterprises to implement programmatic management, so as to avoid the arbitrariness of management behavior and avoid the management contradiction between departments and posts.
(c) require the construction unit not only to formulate and implement the operational safety management system objectives and guidelines, but also to have a series of management procedures to enable the implementation of the policy in management activities, to ensure that management, operation and maintenance are in accordance with established manuals and procedures. Work documents are carried out to comply with mandatory regulations and rules. These guidelines, manuals, procedures and operating documents and their records constitute a file system.
(2) Advanced. Establishing the safety management system for construction machinery according to the standards of occupational safety and health management system is an advanced and effective management method for the safety management of construction enterprises. The advanced nature is reflected in the safety problem in the operation process as a systematic project to study and determine the factors involved in the safety of the operation, and to establish the management process and control measures on the basis of scientific hazard identification and risk assessment. Specify specific requirements for each element and establish and maintain a set of documented procedures. As long as you adhere to the principle of “write it, you must do itâ€, you can guarantee the effectiveness of the system.
(3) Construction machinery operation safety management system is not an isolated management system, it is an integral part of the construction enterprise's comprehensive management system, as shown in Figure 3.
(4) Adhere to the principle of continuous improvement and prevention. Hazard identification, risk assessment and control are its core, which fully reflects the "prevention-oriented" approach. Implementing effective risk identification evaluation and control can achieve full process control of accident prevention and operation safety. It can evaluate the various processes of the operation, and on the basis of this, carry out system planning, form operation documents, control the various risk factors in advance, implement the prevention-oriented policy, and formulate emergency procedures for various potential accidents. Minimize losses.
3 Conclusion
After experiencing the construction of man-machine tools and mechanized construction, the construction mode of the project is developing in the direction of intelligent construction. The construction enterprise establishes and implements the safety management system for construction machinery operations, which has long-term and positive effects. At the same time, it also helps the construction enterprises to improve and Improve overall management.
Construction machinery has experienced a life cycle from planning, design, manufacturing, sales to acquisition, installation, commissioning, use, maintenance to renewal, scrapping, and remanufacturing. Safety management runs through the entire life cycle. In the first stage of the life cycle, that is, the planning, design, manufacturing, and sales stages, it is the stage of manufacturing machinery manufacturing machinery. The safety management at this stage is called mechanical safety certification. It is a kind of product quality certification. Compliance with the physical level of construction machinery and related standards; the stage after the life cycle of the construction machinery, that is, the stage of purchase, installation, commissioning, use, maintenance, renewal, scrapping, and remanufacturing, is the stage in which the construction enterprise uses machinery. The first-stage safety management, called job safety management, refers to the safety management of the job site referred to in this article. Its scope includes the operators, work machines and operating environment.
Obviously, mechanical safety certification and mechanical operation safety management are different stages of safety management of engineering machinery life cycle, they are both different and related. Without safe machinery, the goal of operational safety management is impossible to achieve, and information feedback on operational safety management can help improve and improve the safety design of machinery.
In the process of safety management teaching and publicity of the "Safe Production Law" in recent years, the author deeply feels that engineering construction enterprises implement safety management, based on the "Safe Production Law", and its management mode should be "Occupational Safety and Health Management". The embodiment of the system (OSHMS). To this end, the concept of construction machinery operation safety management system is proposed.
The Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS), together with the Quality Management System (ISO9000) and the Environmental Management System (ISO14000), has become a globally respected process management method in the post-industrial era. The management model adopted by these three management systems is the PDCA management cycle proposed by Dr. Deming, a US management expert. PDCA is the first letter of the Plan Do Check Action. P - plan, D - implementation, C - check, A - improvement, as shown in Figure 1.
The construction machinery safety management system is not aimed at the intrinsic safety of engineering machinery products, but for the job site. Modern construction and mechanized operations have become inevitable, and ensuring the safety of the operation process is the goal of the safety management system for construction machinery. It is a dynamic, self-adjusting and well-established management that emphasizes the safety management of operations through the establishment of organizational, planning, activities, responsibilities, systems, procedures and resources related to the system during the operation process. The realization of the system goals.
The safety management of the whole life cycle of construction machinery started late in China. In November 1997, it was approved by the former State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. The China Machinery Safety Certification Center (CCMS) was established in accordance with internationally accepted standards, and the first batch of construction machinery safety was announced. Certification and testing laboratories, including the National Engineering Machinery Quality Inspection Center (Beijing Yanqing) and Changsha Construction Machinery Research Institute.
In 1998, the China Society for Labor Protection Science and Technology proposed the "Guidelines for the Regulation and Use of Occupational Safety Production Management Systems." In 1999, China began research on occupational safety and health management system. In October 1999, the State Economic and Trade Commission promulgated the "Trial Standards for Occupational Safety and Health Management System" and issued a notice to start pilot work in China. In July 2000, the State Economic and Trade Commission officially established the National Occupational Safety and Health Management System Certification Steering Committee, the National Occupational Safety and Health Management System Certification Body Accreditation Committee and the National Occupational Safety and Health Management System Auditor Registration Committee, and formulated the Occupational Safety and Health Management System Regulations. A series of technical basic documents such as guidelines, procedures, registration, etc., make the certification of China's occupational safety and health management system more standardized and easy to integrate with the international.
2 Characteristics of construction machinery operation safety management system
The operational safety management system of construction machinery should be composed of five aspects and 15 basic elements with reference to the occupational safety and health management system. The operation mode is shown in Figure 2. The basic idea of ​​this mode of operation is to achieve continuous improvement of the system, and to continuously correct, improve and strengthen the activities of “planning, implementing, inspecting and improving†through repeated activities to prevent and control industrial accidents and achieve the objectives of the operational safety management system. .
The safety management of construction machinery is the specificization and specialization of the occupational safety and health management system in the engineering construction industry. It has the following characteristics for specific construction machinery operation sites:
(1) Emphasis on structured, procedural, and documented management tools
(a) It requires the construction company not only to have an operational system from the operator, the maintenance worker to the project manager or even the general manager, but also to have a monitoring system. The construction company ensures the effective operation of the operation safety management system through these two systems.
(b) Require construction enterprises to implement programmatic management, so as to avoid the arbitrariness of management behavior and avoid the management contradiction between departments and posts.
(c) require the construction unit not only to formulate and implement the operational safety management system objectives and guidelines, but also to have a series of management procedures to enable the implementation of the policy in management activities, to ensure that management, operation and maintenance are in accordance with established manuals and procedures. Work documents are carried out to comply with mandatory regulations and rules. These guidelines, manuals, procedures and operating documents and their records constitute a file system.
(2) Advanced. Establishing the safety management system for construction machinery according to the standards of occupational safety and health management system is an advanced and effective management method for the safety management of construction enterprises. The advanced nature is reflected in the safety problem in the operation process as a systematic project to study and determine the factors involved in the safety of the operation, and to establish the management process and control measures on the basis of scientific hazard identification and risk assessment. Specify specific requirements for each element and establish and maintain a set of documented procedures. As long as you adhere to the principle of “write it, you must do itâ€, you can guarantee the effectiveness of the system.
(3) Construction machinery operation safety management system is not an isolated management system, it is an integral part of the construction enterprise's comprehensive management system, as shown in Figure 3.
(4) Adhere to the principle of continuous improvement and prevention. Hazard identification, risk assessment and control are its core, which fully reflects the "prevention-oriented" approach. Implementing effective risk identification evaluation and control can achieve full process control of accident prevention and operation safety. It can evaluate the various processes of the operation, and on the basis of this, carry out system planning, form operation documents, control the various risk factors in advance, implement the prevention-oriented policy, and formulate emergency procedures for various potential accidents. Minimize losses.
3 Conclusion
After experiencing the construction of man-machine tools and mechanized construction, the construction mode of the project is developing in the direction of intelligent construction. The construction enterprise establishes and implements the safety management system for construction machinery operations, which has long-term and positive effects. At the same time, it also helps the construction enterprises to improve and Improve overall management.
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