Debao Copper Mine was founded in October 1966, after decades of development, mine has completed several mining ore block of old and new take over the work, enterprises have been sustained development and growth, ore daily processing 800 has formed The production scale of tons has achieved good social and economic benefits. The shape of the ore body is thin, layered and lenticular, mainly occurring in skarn. The shape of the ore body is basically consistent with the skarn morphology, and the occurrence is relatively stable. Industrial type ore actinolite skarn copper-tin ore, garnet skarn copper-tin ore, iron ore magnetic skarn copper and tin ores and copper-tin quartz calcite ores.
At the same time of mining ore, a large amount of waste rock has also been produced. The waste rock has accumulated a large amount of land for many years, which not only occupies a large amount of land, but also causes serious damage to the surrounding ecological environment, and also causes a large amount of waste of resources. Further carry out comprehensive recycling and utilization of waste rock, recover valuable components, turn waste into treasure, improve ecological environment, improve resource utilization efficiency, save energy and reduce consumption, and create more value for enterprises and society. The purpose of this test is to use the waste rock (surrounding rock) resources accumulated by the Debao Copper Mine for many years, and use simple physical processing techniques and processes (processes for crushing, magnetic separation and screening and classification) to process Stone products at all levels for road construction or construction, as well as valuable iron minerals contained in waste rock and copper and tin associated with them.
First, the nature of waste rock
(1) Analysis of main elements of waste rock
The results of multi-element analysis of waste rock samples are shown in Table 1.1.
The results shown in Table 1.1 show that the waste rock # 2 and # 6 of body waste rock mineral is silicon, and type and content of metal element contained in the substantially the same. Although this kind of waste rock contains many kinds of non-ferrous metals and ferrous metals, its metal content (iron, copper, tin, antimony, etc.) has not reached the critical grade of metal ore beneficiation (see Table 1.2), and can only be discarded as waste rock. . The study also found that the iron minerals contained in the waste rock are mostly ferromagnetic iron minerals. If other non-ferrous metals, such as copper, tin, antimony, etc., are associated with iron minerals, it is possible that we may use magnetic separation when we use these waste rock to process gravel products. Recycled.
(2) Determination of density of waste rock samples
In order to obtain the density of the waste rock sample, we measured it by the pycnometer method and measured the true density of the ore as 2.7 t/m 3 .
(III) Determination of hardness of waste rock samples
The hardness of the waste rock sample was measured. The test results show that the waste rock is relatively hard and the hardness is f=10~12.
Second, the test plan is determined
The main purpose of this test is to use the waste rock from the Debao Copper Mine to process all kinds of stone products for road construction, and to contain the ferrous iron minerals and the copper and tin that may be associated with them. Minerals are made into coarse grade minerals so that they can be recycled in the future. Referring to some of the country's gravel standards and specifications and examples of crushed stone production, the technical route we studied was to first crush the waste rock to 30-0mm, and then recover the valuable minerals in the graded gravel by dry magnetic separation. Iron, copper, tin, etc., and finally the remaining non-magnetic gravel products through screening and classification to obtain stone products at all levels for road construction.
According to the site investigation and the multi-element analysis of the collected waste rock samples, the main components of the non-metallic minerals in the waste rock are silica (48% or more) and calcium oxide (16% or more), while the metal ore is mainly ferric oxide. 11%) followed by polymetallics such as copper oxide (0.3%), tin dioxide (0.03%) and antimony trioxide (0.02%).
According to the nature of the iron minerals contained in the waste rock and the principle of the most economical recovery method, it is determined that the valuable iron mineral (crude grade mineral) in the waste rock is recovered by a single dry strong magnetic separation process. Based on this principle, two test principle processes have been drawn up:
Scheme 1: coarse crushing-fine crushing-hybrid magnetic separation-grading process flow: The main purpose of this technological scheme is to produce the gravel products mainly, and to recover the valuable iron minerals or associated valuable copper mines. Things and so on. As shown in Figure 2.1.
Scheme 2: coarse crushing-fine crushing-grading-magnetic separation process: The main purpose of this technological scheme is to address the economic value of valuable iron mineral recovery and the construction of broken roads in the case of high content of valuable iron minerals in waste rock. The economic value of stone products has the same proportion, even far greater than the economic value of gravel products, as shown in Figure 2.2.
The difference between the characteristics of the first scheme and the second scheme is whether the hybrid magnetic separation or the hierarchical magnetic separation in the process flow. The advantage of the second scheme is that the magnetic separation operation has high efficiency and the metal recovery rate is high, and the disadvantage is that the magnetic separation equipment is used in a large amount, and the corresponding process is complicated. According to the all-element analysis of the waste rock samples provided, it is economical and reasonable to choose the first option.
Third, the mineral sample test research
(1) Magnetic sample test of mineral sample
In view of the nature of this waste rock material and our previous research work experience, the industrial type experimental equipment with a separation magnetic field of 4000 Oe and a magnetic field of 8000 Oe was selected directly in the test. The test results of a magnetic separation are now listed in Table 3.1. It can be seen from Table 3.1 that when the magnetic field strength of the strong magnetic separation is 8000 Oe, the yields of the two kinds of ore samples are significantly increased. As the strength of the magnetic field increases, although the grades of iron, copper and tin in the coarse-grade mineral products obtained after pre-selection are not high, the amount of metal in the obtained coarse-grade mineral products increases greatly: the amount of iron metal increases by 1.3 to 1.4 times. The amount of copper metal is increased by 1.5 to 1.7 times; the amount of tin metal is increased by 1.3 to 1.5 times. It can be seen that as the strength of the magnetic field increases, it is advantageous to increase the recovery of the amount of metal.
(2) Grading test of crushed stone products
A grading test is performed on the magnetically separated crushed product. At present, the most mature gravel grading equipment used in the industry is still dominated by mechanical screening equipment . In order to bring the test closer to industrial production applications that have been put into production in the future, it is combined with national and industrial standards for gravel. The test was carried out using square holes of four apertures of 5, 10, 20 and 30 mm. The results of the sieve analysis are shown in Table 3.2. Qualified stone products of different grain sizes can be obtained by sieving. Sulfides and sulfates in gravel are less than 1%.
(3) Full process test
Based on the best parameters tested above, the results of the full process test are listed in Figures 3.1 and 3.2.
(4) Recommended process
The process flow of the recommended industrial waste rock processing into road paving gravel products is shown in Figure 3.3. The raw ore is first crushed by a coarse and fine section, and the broken product is below 30mm, and the qualified product enters the strong magnetic separation operation. The strong magnetic equipment adopts CRIMM series rare earth permanent magnet strong magnetic separator, and the magnetic field strength of strong magnetic separation is 8000Oe. The magnetic material obtained by magnetic separation is used as a coarse-grade mineral product; and its non-magnetic material enters a screening classifier, and is classified into five particle size products.
Fourth, waste rock processing project budget and benefits
(1) Budget of processing main equipment for waste rock comprehensive utilization project
1. Gravel processing process:
Fixed screen partition coarse-coar silo - vibrating feed - coarse crush - fine crush - strong magnetic separation - sieve classification - gravel product.
2. The configuration of each main equipment includes: a. fixed coarse screen, b. plate vibrating feeder, c. jaw crusher , d. wide and fine jaw crusher, e. rare earth permanent magnet strong magnetic separator, Multi-layer linear vibrating screen.
The total investment amount of the equipment of the project: 802,800 yuan.
(II) Gross profit budget for waste rock comprehensive utilization project
1. Project process plan:
Waste rock - coarse crush - fine crush - magnetic separation - classification - crushed stone product and coarse grade iron-copper mixed concentrate.
2. Product revenue budget:
a, copper metal products:
Calculation of copper content in mixed concentrate:
300000×13.75%×0.5%=206.25 (ton);
Copper for mixed concentrates (according to 80% recovery) Budget: 206.25 × 80% = 165 tons.
b, iron concentrate:
Calculation of iron content in mixed concentrate:
300000 × 13.75% × 16% = 6600 (tons);
Calculated by the amount of iron concentrate (grade 65%, recovery rate 90%):
6600 × 90% ÷ 65% = 9138 (tons).
c, gravel products:
300000 × 86.25% ÷ 2.7 = 95833 (cubic meters).
3. Estimated gross profit of the product:
a, copper: 165 × 50000 = 8250000 yuan
b, iron concentrate: 9138 × 1000 = 9138,000 yuan
c, gravel: 95833 × 50 = 4792,000 yuan
Total: 8250000+9138000+4792000=221.8 million yuan (22.18 million yuan).
V. Conclusion
(1) Referring to the "Required Minimum Industrial Grade Requirements for Common Polymetallic Ore", according to the full elemental analysis of the waste rock samples provided, it is known that the 2 # , 4 # , 6 # and 8 # shaft waste stones accumulated in the Debao Copper Mine are indeed It belongs to a kind of mining surrounding rock and can only be used as a road gravel product.
(2) According to the strong magnetic separation test, it is known that with the increase of the magnetic separation field of the magnetic separation equipment, the metal amount of the coarse grade mineral product can be increased accordingly (the metal amount of iron is increased by 1.3 to 1.4 times; the metal amount of copper is increased by 1.5). Up to 1.7 times; the amount of tin metal is increased by 1.3 to 1.5 times), and it can be found that most of the non-ferrous metal ore in this waste rock is closely associated with iron minerals, so the use of waste rock processing for the construction of gravel products At the same time, the metal in the scrap can also be recovered by means of strong magnetic separation as a coarse-grade mineral product that can be further processed and utilized. Moreover, the content of sulfur in the waste rock is relatively high, and the magnetic separation can reduce the sulfur content in the crushed stone and meet the industrial requirements of the crushed stone.
(3) Grading studies on non-magnetic materials (calcium products) obtained by magnetic separation show that the following grades of qualified gravel products can be obtained: (2# sample: -30+20mm fractional yield is 12.01%; -20+10mm The fractional yield was 31.34%; the yield of -10+5mm was 20.77%; the yield of -5mm was 22.12%; the yield of 6#: -30+20mm was 10.86%; the yield of -20+10mm was 29.97. %; -10 + 5 mm fraction yield was 21.12%; -5 mm fraction yield was 22.02%). The content of S in the gravel after strong magnetic separation is in accordance with national standards.
(IV) All the experimental equipment used in the process flow of this test have mature industrial equipment, as well as industrial crushing technology and examples. Therefore, the data obtained in this experimental research can be used as the basis for the design of the waste rock processing project.
references
[1] Yi Li, Lai to Jen, Guangxi Debao copper - tin deposit preliminary study arsenate mineral oxide with a combination of features and Causes [J]. Geology, 1990, fourth.
[2] Lin Wu, on the geological characteristics and metallogenic process of Debao Copper Mine[J]. Proceedings of the South China Youth Geoscience Symposium, 2003, 070-072.
[3] Xue Yong, the large-scale production of gravel for expressway special specification [J]. Road Machinery and Construction Mechanization, 1997, Vol.
[4] Lin Guoping, Lin Bijing, Liu Guangwei, Improving the Quality of Crushed Stone Processing to Meet the Needs of Expressway Construction [J]. Highway Traffic Technology, June 2002.
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