Construction machinery battery working principle and daily use precautions

The storage battery has always been an indispensable part of the construction machinery and equipment. It can supply power for the vehicle-mounted electricity equipment through the battery; it can drive the starter motor and drive the engine to start and play an important role. Today's construction machinery and equipment are equipped with batteries (commonly known as batteries), and some have not only a battery, the importance of batteries for excavators, I believe many of my friends are very clear. Let's take a look at the working principle of the battery, precautions when using it, and common troubleshooting.

Type of battery

Battery, scientific name: battery, which is a device for storing electrical energy. Batteries have a wide range of uses. In addition to being common in motor vehicles, we are often able to see them in fields such as power and communications. Through the charging process, the storage battery can convert electrical energy into chemical energy. When electricity is needed, the storage battery can convert the stored chemical energy into electrical energy and output it to the outside. This conversion process is reversible for the storage battery. .

The basic principle of battery work

Batteries can be divided into acidic and alkaline batteries depending on the nature of the electrolyte. Acidic batteries are common, and their electrolytes are dilute sulfuric acid solutions, while the alkaline storage batteries have an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The commonly used battery for motor vehicles is a lead-acid battery, which has the advantages of low price and good starting performance. The disadvantages are short service life and large volume and weight. In this paper, we mainly introduce lead-acid batteries in detail.

The battery can be divided into the following categories according to its use:

1, start-type battery: mainly used for cars, motorcycles, diesel engines.

2. Fixed battery: It is mainly used for communication, power plants, computers and so on.

3, traction battery: mainly used for battery car, such as electric bicycles, electric cars and so on.

Others include railroad batteries and energy storage batteries.

Common automotive batteries are divided into three categories, one common lead-acid batteries, its plate is composed of lead and lead oxides, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The advantages of this type of battery are its low price and stable voltage. One type is a dry charge battery. The advantage of this kind of battery is that the negative electrode plate has a higher capacity for electricity storage. If the environment is completely dry, this type of storage battery can store the amount of electricity obtained in two years. When it is used, only electrolyte needs to be added. Wait 20 to 30 minutes before you can use it. The other type is a maintenance-free battery. The advantage of this type of battery is that it does not need to be supplemented with distilled water during its service life. In addition, it has a series of advantages such as shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size, and small self-discharge. And the service life of maintenance-free batteries is twice that of ordinary batteries, which is much higher than that of ordinary lead-acid batteries.

The daily use of the battery points

Non maintenance-free battery appearance

1. Vent holes are usually designed on the filling lid of the battery. These ventilation holes should be inspected frequently during normal use, and they should always be kept open. If the vent hole is not smooth, during the charging and discharging process, the gas generated due to the chemical reaction occurring in the battery cannot be discharged in time, which may cause the battery to burst and cause damage to the internal structure of the battery, thereby causing unnecessary losses.

2. The poles of the battery should be kept clean, and the connection of the power supply lines should be firm. The oxides at the poles and the connecting wires should be removed in time. The author stated at the beginning of the article that if the connection is not strong or the poles and wiring are in poor contact due to corrosion, it will have a great impact on the charging and will reduce the service life of the battery.

3, to prevent battery short circuit. In this case, special attention must be paid to the fact that metal devices must not be placed on batteries, such as pliers, spanners, screwdrivers, etc. These commonly used metal tools will form a closed loop because the metal devices are connected to the battery post and they are grounded on the metal body. , causing a short circuit in the battery, which burns the battery and causes the battery to be scrapped. In addition, if there is sewage or dirt on the battery, it should be promptly removed, because these debris will also lead to short-circuit the battery, causing damage to the battery.

4. The battery should periodically check for sufficient electrolyte. Insufficient battery electrolyte will cure the plates and reduce battery capacity. In addition, another important reason for the vulcanization of the plates is that the storage batteries are insufficiently stored, and insufficient storage may also cause the deterioration of the battery electrical properties and shorten the service life.

5, the daily maintenance of the battery. If the battery is not used for more than one week, you should consider powering off the battery. If the battery has a switch, you should disconnect the battery switch.

If there is no switch, then the power-off sequence for the battery is: "The negative pole is broken first, and the positive pole is broken". The order in which the batteries are connected is: "Connect the positive electrode first and then the negative electrode." If the battery is not used for a long time, the electrolyte should be adjusted to the standard mark position and the battery charge is full.

6, properly stored, generally placed in a ventilated, dry, dark, temperature appropriate indoor. Here we have a little reminder that when the battery is used, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery must not be connected incorrectly. If wrong, the most direct consequence is to burn out the generator and related electrical equipment, causing unnecessary losses. Finally, the heat and heat insulation of the storage battery must also be taken into account during the cold and heat seasons.

The above mentioned how the battery is used and maintained. Next is the battery charging method. The battery charging method is generally divided into constant voltage charging and constant current charging.

Battery charging method and daily attention points

1, constant voltage charging is to make the battery charge voltage at both ends to maintain a constant, this method is suitable for emergency use of ordinary charging, for the initial charge and eliminate sulfide charging is not appropriate.

2. The constant current charging is a method to keep the charging current of the battery constant. This method is relatively adaptable, but this kind of method requires a long charging time, and it also needs to adjust the charging current constantly. This is troublesome.

The battery is generally charged by four types, namely, initial charging, supplementary charging, elimination of curing charge, and preventive charging.

1, the initial charge is more important, it is related to the rated capacity and service life of the battery, so this charge must be carried out under the guidance of an experienced master.

2. Supplemental charging means that the battery is charged after being used for a period of time to ensure that the battery is fully charged, thus ensuring the service life of the battery.

3. Elimination of the vulcanization charge is the type of charging performed after the battery plate is found to have a vulcanization phenomenon. It is repeated charging with a small current to eliminate the vulcanization phenomenon, so that the capacity of the battery is increased and the performance of the battery is restored.

4, preventive charging means that the battery is often due to insufficient charge and stay in part of the state of charge, if the long-term work and then it will easily lead to vulcanization, which will damage the battery life. This type of charging is the term of intermittent charging using a supplemental charging method until the last time a bubble occurs within a few minutes.

The last thing to note is that charging should be done strictly in accordance with the specification. If abnormality is found during charging, it should be rectified before charging. In addition, the filling hole lid should be opened when charging to facilitate the full discharge of gas. The last point is to guard against open flames to prevent the open flame from reacting with the gas discharged from the battery and cause explosions.

Common faults in the use of batteries and their solutions

1, how can we judge the battery's power shortage? Under normal circumstances, there are three simple ways to determine, which is the operator's three commonly used methods. One is that the starting motor does not rotate or rotates slightly; the other is that the lighting used for lighting is much darker than usual; the third is that the horn sound is very small or does not ring. At this time, it is very likely that the above-mentioned symptoms caused by insufficient battery power occur. This is why we must check the battery in time and charge it in time to ensure that the battery is working in a good condition.

The main reasons for the shortage of battery power are: the new battery has not been charged and discharged by the cycle, and the rated capacity of the battery has not been reached at the time of initial charging; long-term use of lights or radios, CDs, and other entertainment equipment in the case of low engine speed; The fault causes the battery to fail to charge; the electrolyte density is too high or too low.

2. How can I judge whether the battery is self-discharging? When the battery is fully charged and then used again every one or two days, the battery shows insufficient or no power, indicating that the battery has self-discharge.

The main reasons for self-discharge of the battery are: First, the battery separator is broken down or damaged, the electrolyte is mixed with impurities such as metal powder, or there is too much sediment in the battery tank to cause internal short circuit of the battery; second, the external battery is dirty, leading to A short circuit between the poles.

3. How to determine whether the battery is charging or not? Although the battery is charged for a long time, the voltage rises slowly, which indicates that the battery has a problem in charging.

The main reasons for battery charging failure are: looseness of the connector in the charging circuit or corrosion of the connector; failure of the rectifier or breakdown of the diode; battery electrode plate vulcanization, which leads to the electrolyte is difficult to penetrate into the plate to produce a chemical reaction; Using large currents to charge or discharge the battery results in damage to the battery plate.

4, how to judge the battery electrolyte loss is too fast? When the battery has just added the electrolyte soon after the electrolyte level is not enough, at this time shows that the battery electrolyte loss too fast.

The main reasons for the excessive loss of battery electrolyte: excessive charge and discharge currents cause excessive evaporation of the electrolyte; damage to the separator results in an internal short circuit in the battery or a rupture in the battery case causing electrolyte leakage.

After the above situations occur, the battery should be diagnosed and trouble-shooted in time, and it must be ensured that the battery is working in a good condition.

Summary: As an important component of construction machinery and equipment, the battery is very necessary for its proper use and maintenance. It can ensure that the construction machinery and equipment are in a good working condition, especially now that the construction machinery and equipment has entered. In the era of mechatronics, the importance of high-efficiency and high-stability batteries to modern construction machinery and equipment is self-evident.