Recently, the "Heavy-duty Commercial Vehicle Fuel Consumption Limit" (third phase, consultation draft) drafted by the China Automotive Technology and Research Center has been completed and is being submitted to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology for approval. Among them, it is determined that "the fuel consumption limit is increased by about 15% based on 2015 in 2020" as the overall energy saving target. The author believes that if the third-stage standard is implemented, it will be of great significance to China's environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, and the development of the commercial vehicle industry.
At present, China's automobile gasoline and diesel consumption accounts for about 55% of the national gasoline and diesel consumption, and more than 70% of the annual new oil consumption is consumed by new cars. According to data from the China National Petroleum Corporation Economic and Technological Research Institute, in 2015, China’s apparent oil consumption was about 543 million tons, and the annual net oil import volume was 328 million tons. The external dependence exceeded 60% for the first time. It is expected that in the coming period, China's car ownership will continue to grow, and the resulting energy shortage will become more prominent. Although heavy-duty commercial vehicles only account for about 10% of total vehicle production and sales, due to the high fuel consumption per 100 kilometers and longer mileage, the total amount of oil consumed is much higher than this ratio. Commercial vehicles are one of the main consumption equipments for fossil energy. Reducing the fuel consumption limit of commercial vehicles is not only conducive to protecting the environment, saving energy, but also important for safeguarding China's energy security.
At present, the United States, Japan, Europe and other countries and regions have formulated or are in the process of formulating regulations on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions for heavy vehicles. On August 16 this year, the United States issued the second phase of the "fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions" standard for medium and heavy commercial vehicles. This standard will be implemented in phases from 2018 to 2027. The ultimate goal is to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by 10% from 2017 and truck transportation efficiency by 25% by 2027. After the implementation of the standard, it will eventually reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 1.1 billion tons, saving owners about fuel costs of about $170 billion and reducing oil consumption by 2 billion barrels. The author understands that the current standard technical indicators for heavy-duty vehicles in China are somewhat different from those in the United States and Japan. If the fuel consumption standards for heavy-duty vehicles do not “advance with the timesâ€, the gap with the international advanced level will widen.
Reducing the fuel consumption of the entire vehicle and improving the core components of the engine, as well as the transmission efficiency, steering system, and electronic control system technology level have a great relationship. In order to meet the new standards, vehicle and component companies need to jointly apply more advanced energy reduction technologies. For example, the improvement of engine technology may require the use of advanced engine exhaust gas preheating technology; the matching of the engine and the whole vehicle is also very important, and the vehicle manufacturers should closely cooperate with the parts and components enterprises in improving the transmission efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. In addition, reducing the fuel consumption of the whole vehicle is also closely related to the quality of the whole vehicle. The use of aluminum materials can achieve light weight of the whole vehicle. The implementation of the new standard may promote the research and application of aluminum materials. The author has learned that some companies have begun to study aluminum alloy frames for heavy-duty vehicles. If the third-stage standard is implemented, it will undoubtedly promote the technical upgrading of the commercial vehicle industry, including the improvement of parts and components such as complete vehicles and engines, and strengthen the application of new technologies and new materials.
In addition, the “Heavy Commercial Vehicle Fuel Consumption Limit†is a national mandatory standard. Encouraging advanced and eliminating backwardness is an important criterion. Once the standards are implemented, auto parts companies, engine parts and other parts companies, and even the oil industry will be directly or indirectly affected. It is conceivable that by 2020, China's heavy commercial vehicle pattern will face adjustment, and even enterprises in the entire commercial vehicle industry chain will be affected. The continuous upgrading of the fuel consumption limit standard will not only promote the technical improvement of vehicle products. In the long run, with the gradual improvement of relevant national standards and industry regulations, it will also promote the transformation and upgrading of the organizational structure, management level and manufacturing mode of China's heavy commercial vehicle enterprises. Commercial vehicle manufacturers will develop into development-oriented organizational structures, refined management, and intelligent manufacturing. In summary, the author expects that the "Heavy Commercial Vehicle Fuel Consumption Limits" (Phase III) standards will be introduced and function as soon as possible.
However, the author understands that in addition to the "Heavy Commercial Vehicle Fuel Consumption Limits" formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the current standard is the Ministry of Transport's "Market Consumption Limits and Measurement Methods for Operating Trucks" (JT719). The medium and heavy truck manufacturers need to register two standard inspection reports under the same model with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Transport, which not only increases the inspection cost of commercial vehicle manufacturers, but also increases the approval process for vehicle use enterprises. The author believes that since these two standards measure the fuel consumption limit of commercial vehicles, it is possible to combine them into one, reduce the burden on enterprises, and avoid content inconsistency.
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