Solid deposits have a long history of dry mining and water harvesting. In recent years, some countries have gradually replaced the room-column method with the water-soluble method.
Dry mining is basically the same for all kinds of salt deposits. At present, the traditional house-column method developed by the shaft is widely used in foreign countries, and this method is also adopted in the Yunnan Kanye well potash mine. The shaft has strong adaptability to various salt deposits, and is especially suitable for ore bodies with high grade and buried depth of less than 1 000 m and mines with large production capacity. Most of the shafts mined are concrete-lined circular wells with a small number of rectangular wells. The circular well diameter is about 4.5-5.5 m, and the rectangular well section is generally 2 m × 4 m ~ 2 m × 6 m. Mines and pillars are generally rectangular and square. The mining width of the rectangular mining room is generally 15-20 m, the length is 100-200 m, the height is 6-10 m, and the well depth is several hundred meters to thousands of meters. Shaft production capacity, foreign single-well production capacity of several thousand tons / day, Yunnan single wild well single-well several hundred tons to more than 1,000 tons / day. The recovery rate is generally 40% to 60% in foreign countries, up to 75%, and the highest recovery rate of Yunnan Kanye well potassium mine is 35% to 40%.
Water extraction is divided into diverticulum water dissolution method and drilling water dissolution method. The diverticulum water-dissolving method is used in special cases where there are many sediments and low grades. For example, this method is adopted in the Kanye well potassium mine. Drilling water dissolution method is widely used in foreign countries. The drilling water-dissolving method can be divided into single well operation and multi-well operation. This method is to install a pipeline in a borehole with a depth of 2 000 m, communicate with the underground ore body, inject fresh water into the ground through a water injection pipe, and etch the ore body to create an artificial cavity for containing the dissolved salt solution. The obtained solution is piped to the ground, and then concentrated by manual or natural evaporation to separate the product by crystallization. The obtained mother liquor is adjusted by adding water and returned to the ground for repeated use. This method is widely used in Sichuan and Hubei to mine salt mines.
Compared with general room and pillar mining, the main advantages of drilling water-soluble mining are: deep mining deposits can be mined up to 1 000-2 000 m, and Sichuan water mining depth is 1 200 m; suitable for mining and mining thickness is small, Ore body with low grade; short construction time, low labor intensity, easy operation; no safety problems in underground operations; can eliminate mining and transportation processes. The main disadvantages of the water-soluble method are: large-scale ore body collapse will occur; thin-layer ore body drilling costs are high; pipeline corrosion is severe; recovery rate is lower than dry mining. The recovery rate of foreign housing column method is 40% to 50%, the borehole water dissolution method is 2% to 35%, and the single well convection method is 2%. China's single well convection method has a high recovery rate, generally 7% to 8%.
Dry mining is basically the same for all kinds of salt deposits. At present, the traditional house-column method developed by the shaft is widely used in foreign countries, and this method is also adopted in the Yunnan Kanye well potash mine. The shaft has strong adaptability to various salt deposits, and is especially suitable for ore bodies with high grade and buried depth of less than 1 000 m and mines with large production capacity. Most of the shafts mined are concrete-lined circular wells with a small number of rectangular wells. The circular well diameter is about 4.5-5.5 m, and the rectangular well section is generally 2 m × 4 m ~ 2 m × 6 m. Mines and pillars are generally rectangular and square. The mining width of the rectangular mining room is generally 15-20 m, the length is 100-200 m, the height is 6-10 m, and the well depth is several hundred meters to thousands of meters. Shaft production capacity, foreign single-well production capacity of several thousand tons / day, Yunnan single wild well single-well several hundred tons to more than 1,000 tons / day. The recovery rate is generally 40% to 60% in foreign countries, up to 75%, and the highest recovery rate of Yunnan Kanye well potassium mine is 35% to 40%.
Water extraction is divided into diverticulum water dissolution method and drilling water dissolution method. The diverticulum water-dissolving method is used in special cases where there are many sediments and low grades. For example, this method is adopted in the Kanye well potassium mine. Drilling water dissolution method is widely used in foreign countries. The drilling water-dissolving method can be divided into single well operation and multi-well operation. This method is to install a pipeline in a borehole with a depth of 2 000 m, communicate with the underground ore body, inject fresh water into the ground through a water injection pipe, and etch the ore body to create an artificial cavity for containing the dissolved salt solution. The obtained solution is piped to the ground, and then concentrated by manual or natural evaporation to separate the product by crystallization. The obtained mother liquor is adjusted by adding water and returned to the ground for repeated use. This method is widely used in Sichuan and Hubei to mine salt mines.
Compared with general room and pillar mining, the main advantages of drilling water-soluble mining are: deep mining deposits can be mined up to 1 000-2 000 m, and Sichuan water mining depth is 1 200 m; suitable for mining and mining thickness is small, Ore body with low grade; short construction time, low labor intensity, easy operation; no safety problems in underground operations; can eliminate mining and transportation processes. The main disadvantages of the water-soluble method are: large-scale ore body collapse will occur; thin-layer ore body drilling costs are high; pipeline corrosion is severe; recovery rate is lower than dry mining. The recovery rate of foreign housing column method is 40% to 50%, the borehole water dissolution method is 2% to 35%, and the single well convection method is 2%. China's single well convection method has a high recovery rate, generally 7% to 8%.
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