Liu Jin Zhang Zonghua Zhang Hongying Gao Likun
(1. Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093; 2. Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Yueyang, Hunan 414014, China)
CLC number: TD952.3 Document code: A Article ID: 1671-9492 (2004) 03-0040-04
Mining giant after decades of production, has accumulated a large amount of tailings, due to the limited time the technical level and production conditions, technical indicators lower metal recovery. The loss of these tailings not only causes waste of resources, but also constitutes a hidden danger of polluting the external environment of the big mine. At present, the resources of large factories are increasingly depleted. As large-scale production continues, they will soon face the problem of depletion of resources. Therefore, research and development and utilization of tailings resources is of great significance to the sustainable development of large factories. Commissioned by the China Tin Group, studied the recovery of zinc tailings beneficiation test.
1. Raw ore properties
1.1 chemical composition of the ore sample
In order to find out the material composition of the sample, it is first necessary to clarify the chemical composition of the sample. For this purpose, the sample was subjected to spectral analysis (Table 1) and chemical composition analysis (Table 2).
Table 1 Spectral Analysis Results of Samples / %
element Probability | Ag 0.003 | Al 4 | As 1 | B 0.07 | Ga 0.003 | Ge <0.001 | Mg 0.5 | Sb 0.2 | Si >10 | Sn 0.01 | Ba 0.06 | Bi 0.005 |
element Probability | Ca 8 | Co 0.04 | Cr 0.002 | Cu 0.08 | Fe >10 | Mn 0.3 | Ni 0.006 | P <0.1 | Zn >1 | Ta <0.005 | Nb <0.01 | Gd 0.003 |
Table 2 Main chemical composition analysis results of samples / %
ingredient content | Sn 0.64 | Pb 0.44 | Zn 2.80 | As 1.14 | S 8.96 | Sb 0.386 | SiO 2 37.70 | Fe 15.28 | CaO 14.40 | Al 2 O 3 8.71 | MgO 1.46 |
It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that the ore sample is a tailings after the separation of polymetallic ore containing zinc. The zinc content has exceeded the industrial mining grade specified by the state. The main task of this test is to recover zinc.
1.2 Phase analysis of zinc minerals
Table 3 Zinc phase analysis results / %
Zinc phase | Zinc sulfate zinc | Zinc-zinc, hydrozin, zinc-zinc | Heterogeneous ore, zinc zinc ore | Zinc sulfide ( iron sphalerite) zinc | Other forms of zinc | All zinc |
content Occupancy rate | 0.01 0.35 | 0.11 3.93 | 0.25 8.93 | 2.15 76.79 | 0.28 10.00 | 2.80 100.0 |
The phase analysis results (Table 3) show that the zinc minerals in the tailings are mainly zinc in zinc sulfide and iron sphalerite, with a content of 2.15%, accounting for 76.79% of zinc minerals; followed by heteropolar ore and silicon zinc. The zinc content of the zinc and the zinc ore and the hydrozinc ore are 0.25% and 0.11%, respectively, and the occupation rates are 8.93% and 3.93%, respectively. The zinc sulfate is very small, the content is 0.01%, and the occupation rate is 0.35%. The zinc content of the form was 0.28%, and the occupation rate was 10.0%. It can be seen that the recovery of zinc in the tailings is feasible and a good indicator can be obtained. [next]
1.3 Particle size analysis of tailings in Dachang and distribution of zinc in each grade
In order to ascertain the grain size composition of Dachang tailings, the Taichang tailings were sieved and analyzed, and the content and distribution of zinc and sulfur in each grade were analyzed. See Table 4 for details.
The results of particle size analysis showed that the mineral particle size composition was very fine, 40-48 μm accounted for 44.87%, zinc grade was 3.18%, and metal distribution rate was 51.86%. This is the main reason for zinc loss in tailings and also the focus of our recycling.
Table 4 sample particle size composition and metal distribution rate / %
Size/μm | Yield | grade | Distribution rate | ||
Zn | S | Zn | S | ||
+425 -425+250 -250+180 -180+125 -125+75 -75+61 -61+50 -50+40 -40 total | 16.07 6.54 7.70 3.80 7.31 6.31 3.29 4.11 44.87 100.0 | 2.33 2.14 2.13 2.11 2.07 2.95 3.00 3.15 3.18 2.80 | 6.93 7.19 10.00 4.17 11.74 12.78 12.57 13.17 7.99 8.69 | 13.61 5.09 5.96 2.92 5.50 6.76 3.59 4.71 51.86 100.0 | 12.78 5.40 8.83 1.82 9.84 9.25 4.74 6.21 41.13 100.0 |
2. Flotation test research
2.1 Activator test
Sphalerite is a sulfide mineral that is difficult to float. Because the ore mine in this test is a tailing mine that has been deposited for many years in Guangxi, the surface of the mineral has been oxidized and contains a large amount of chemicals, which brings the flotation of zinc. great difficulty, zinc is suppressed various drugs, for this study were tested zinc mineral activator, the present experiment employed industrially most widely used copper sulfate, test results are shown in Fig.
Figure 1 Effect of the amount of copper sulfate on zinc grade and recovery
1-zinc grade; 2-zinc recovery
It can be seen from Fig. 1 that when the amount of copper sulfate is 600g/t, the grade of zinc concentrate is 19.82%, and the recovery rate is 70.89%.
2.2 inhibitor test
It is found that when flotation of zinc ore, the sulfur content in the zinc concentrate is still high, the zinc content of the sulfur concentrate is still high when the sulfur is floated, and the content of the gangue in the zinc concentrate and the sulfur concentrate is high. Therefore, it is necessary to select an appropriate inhibitor to suppress the vein. minerals selected from zinc and sulfur inhibition, respectively CaO, phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium silicate inhibitors tested system. The test results are shown in Figure 2.
It can be seen from Fig. 2 that when the CaO dosage is 6kg/t, the zinc concentrate grade is 19.17%, and the zinc recovery rate is 76.32%. The test index is the best at this time. The amount of sodium hexametaphosphate is preferably 300 g/t; when water glass is used as the inhibitor, the amount of 300 g/t is preferred.
Figure 2 Effect of lime, sodium hexametaphosphate and water glass on zinc grade and recovery
1-Zinc grade with lime as inhibitor; 2-Zinc grade with sodium hexametaphosphate as inhibitor; 3-Zinc grade with water glass as inhibitor; 4-Zinc recovery with lime as inhibitor; 5- Zinc recovery with sodium hexametaphosphate as inhibitor; 6-Zinc recovery with water glass as inhibitor.
2.3 collector test
Sphalerite is a hard-floating sulfide mineral. Its floatability depends on the impurities contained therein. The sphalerite with high iron content is difficult to float. As the iron content increases, the difficulty increases. Cadmium- containing sphalerite is more likely to float. The recovery rate of sphalerite activated with copper Cu2+ is quite high and can reach 100%. The commonly used collectors for sphalerite flotation are ethyl xanthate, butyl xanthate, black medicine, Z-200, etc. In order to find a suitable collector and appropriate dosage for the collector test, the test results are shown in Figure 3. .
Figure 3 Effect of ethyl xanthate, butyl xanthate, black drug and Z-200 on zinc grade and recovery
1-Zinc grade with ethyl xanthate as collector; 2-zinc grade with butyl xanthate as collector; 3-zinc grade with black medicine as collector; 4-made with Z-200 Zinc grade of collector; 5 - Zinc recovery with ethyl xanthate as collector; 6 - Zinc recovery with butyl xanthate as collector; 7 - Zinc with black drug as collector Recovery rate; 8-Zinc recovery rate using Z-200 as a collector. [next]
It can be seen from Fig. 3 that when the amount of ethyl xanthate flotation zinc ore is 150g/t, the zinc grade is 18.34%, and the zinc recovery rate is 69.29%. The dosage of butyl yellow is preferably 150g/t, at which time the zinc grade is 19.49% and the zinc recovery rate is 76.96%. The use of black medicine, the mineral processing index is slightly better than ethyl yellow medicine, which is worse than the butyl yellow medicine flotation index. When the dosage is 150g/t, the zinc grade is 18.76%, and the zinc recovery rate is 70.43%. The index is the best at this time; Z- When the amount of 200 is 70g/t, the zinc grade is 20.14%, and the zinc recovery rate is 72.91%. The Z-200 dosage test showed that the yield of zinc concentrate was lower than that of black medicine and xanthate, but the grade of zinc concentrate was higher than that of black medicine and yellow medicine, indicating that Z-200 has good selectivity to zinc ore.
2.4 Pyrite inhibition test
In order to improve the grade of zinc concentrate during flotation of zinc, it is necessary to inhibit the uplift of pyrite. In addition to CaO, effective inhibitors of pyrite are also commonly used Ca(ClO) 2 , sodium humate, etc. The test results using Ca(ClO) 2 , sodium humate and a mixture of the two are shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 4 Effect of calcium hypochlorite, sodium humate and their blending agents on zinc grade and recovery
1-Zinc grade with Ca(ClO) 2 as inhibitor; 2-Zinc grade with inhibitor of sodium humate; 3-Zinc grade with Ca(ClO) 2 and sodium humate mixed solution as inhibitor ; 4-Zinc recovery with Ca(ClO) 2 as inhibitor; 5 - Zinc recovery with sodium humate as inhibitor; 6 - Inhibition of mixed solution of Ca(ClO) 2 and sodium humate Zinc recovery rate.
The test results show that the inhibition of pyrite by Ca(ClO) 2 and sodium humate is very effective. The test shows that the suitable dosage of Ca(ClO) 2 is 150g/t, the zinc grade is 25.81%, and the zinc recovery rate is 81.41. %. The test results are shown in Figure 4.
When sodium humate is used to inhibit pyrite, sodium humate 150g/t is the best amount to inhibit pyrite. At this time, the zinc grade is 27.11% and the zinc recovery rate is 83.37%. The test results are shown in Figure 4.
The mixed dosage test of Ca(ClO) 2 and sodium humate (1:1) showed that the suitable dosage was 150 g/t, at which time the zinc grade was 29.11% and the zinc recovery was 83.60%. The flotation effect of the three inhibitors was observed. The sodium humate was superior to Ca(ClO) 2 , and the mixture of sodium humate and Ca(ClO) 2 was superior to sodium humate. At this time, the concentrate grade is still far from the standard required by the state, and the zinc concentrate selection test is carried out for this purpose.
3. Selected trials
Since the concentrate grade is still far from the standard required by the state, the zinc concentrate selection test is carried out for this purpose. The selected test procedure is shown in Figure 5, and the test results are shown in Table 5.
The Dachang tailings passed the secondary selection. The grade of zinc concentrate can reach 45.90%, the recovery rate is 52.62%, and the zinc concentrate contains 28.32% sulfur, which meets the national 7 grade zinc concentrate standard.
4, the conclusion
The test shows that Dachang tailings is not useless waste. It can be used to recover zinc concentrate by appropriate process and chemical system. The zinc grade of concentrate is 45.90% and the zinc recovery rate is 52.62%.
Table 5 zinc secondary selection index / %
product name | Yield | Zinc grade | Zinc recovery |
Zinc concentrate Middle mine 2 Middle mine 1 Tailings Feed mine | 3.21 6.16 14.51 76.12 100.0 | 45.90 8.17 4.31 0.26 2.80 | 52.62 17.97 22.34 7.07 100.0 |
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THE TEST RESEARCH FOR ENRICHING ZINC FROM THE TAILING OF DACHANG MINE
LIU Jin,ZHANG Zong-hua,ZHANG Hong-ying,GAO Li-kun
(1, Kunming Uniuersity of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China 2, Balin Petrol-Chemical Co. Ltd, Yueyang Hunan 414014, China)
ABSTRACT
To recover comprehensively tin, lead, zinc, sulphur and arsenic from the tailing of Dachang Mine, flotation tests have been done to enrich zinc by using calcium hypochlorite, sodium humic acid and their mixed reagent. The grade and recovery of zinc concentrate are 45.90% And 52.62%respectively.
KEY WORDS: zinc; depressant; tailing
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